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Political Science (Callahan Library): Citing Sources

Style Manuals

APA Student Paper Template (7th ed.)

This APA Student Paper Template will get you started quickly with your APA (7th ed.) paper! 

Just click File>Make a copy to rename and edit the Google document.

Many thanks to the Librarians at the McEntegart Library for creating and sharing this template.

ChatGPT & AI

SJNY Libraries AI Subject Guide

An online guide to print and electonic books made available through the SJNY Libraries with information about Artificial Intelligence (AI).

You should always check with your instructor before using AI for any papers. If allowed, then follow the links below for citation guidance. 

APA Style: How to cite ChatGPT

MLA Style: How do I cite generative AI in MLA style?

Chicago Style: Citation, Documentation of [AI] Sources

Rules for Writers ebook

Paraphrasing

The following websites explain paraphrasing and summarizing. These sites include examples of proper ways to paraphrase.

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SJNY Academic Integrity Pledge

Academic Integrity Pledge flyer

Why Cite

Plagiarism: 

Plagiarism is defined as the act of copying, stealing, or representing the ideas or words of another as one's own, without giving credit to the source.

To avoid committing plagiarism, cite all of your sources properly according to the rules of the specific citation styles your professors require.  Three of the most commonly used citation styles are:

  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago

Why You Should Cite Your Sources:

  • To give credit where credit is due
  • To give credibility to your research
  • To enable your readers (professors and peers) to retrace your research steps
  • To practice academic honesty and integrity 

What Needs to be Cited?

Direct Quotes
Ideas not your own (Paraphrasing an idea)
Websites
Blogs
Emails
Letters
Films

Facts                                            
Speeches
Interviews
Conversations
Music
Pictures
Statistics
Charts                                   
Graphs
Diagrams
Tables
Maps

Do You Need to Cite Everything?

No.  If something is common knowledge (it can be found in many different sources and is a well known fact) it does not need to be cited.  The following are common examples of common knowledge:

  • Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit
  • George Washington was the first President of the United States

Definitions

In an annotated bibliography each citation is followed by a brief note (or annotation) that describes and evaluates the source.

A Bibliography is a list of citations that appears at the end of a paper. It is referred to as a "works cited" list in MLA and a list of "references" in APA.

A citation provides all the information a person needs to locate a particular source. Basic citation information for a journal article consists of author or editor name, title of article, title of journal, volume and issue number and the date.

The citation style dicatates how the information will be formatted.

In-text citations provide enough information to correspond to the works cited or reference list. It generally requires the page number to show exactly where the information is located.

A paraphrase is a rewording of another writer's text, explanation, argument, or narrative.

A Reference list is a citation lists of works referenced in the papes in APA format.

Condensing another person’s words so that you present the basics of what has been said.

A works cited list is a citation lists of works referenced in the paper in MLA format.

ProQuest Research Companion

ProQuest Research Companion Logo

Chicago Manual of Style Online

The Chicago Manual of Style

Websites and Documentation about Citations

Quick Reference Guides & Posters

  • APA 7th ed. Common Reference Examples Guide
    Guide from the APA website listing commonly used reference examples based on the 7th edition of the APA style. 
  • Chicago Quick Reference
    Quick reference poster with basic CMS guidelines. The Purdue OWL CMS NB Classroom Poster was developed by Megan Lancaster for the Purdue Professional Writing - Editing and Publishing class, English 515, in spring 2011.

Citation Resource Websites:

Tutorial:

Citing Business Sources:

APA 7th ed. citation for business sources.

This document is the result of a grassroots effort undertaken by several business librarians in early summer 2020, simply to try to provide examples for a variety of business sources and save the time of other business librarians in generating sample citations for their campus communities. 
The organizer did correspond with APA’s official style experts for direction on several questions, but this document is not officially authored by APA in any way. 

This extensive business citation guide was created by business librarians from across the country.
Schemm, N., Dellenbach, M., Grisham, Z., Hageman, M., Tingle, N., Trowbridge, M., & Wheatley, A. (2020). APA 7th ed. citation for business sources.

Citation Creation Tools

There are several tools available to assist you in creating your works cited or reference list. Keep in mind that most of these tools you must input the information using the proper capitalization rules.

NoodleTools

Use NoodleTools to create your References or Works Cited page in APA, MLA or Chicago / Turabian format.

NoodleTools Tutorials

NoodleTools Student Login

NoodleTools Faculty/Staff Login

 

Google Docs

Google Docs includes easy to use citation tools.

Add citations to your document

 

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word has a citation generator located under the "References" tab.

APA, MLA, Chicago – automatically format bibliographies in MS Word.

 

Free Citation Management Tools

The following tools are free to use, but you need to sign up and create an account for each.

Zotero (APA, MLA, Chicago, plus many more)

EndNote WEB (APA, MLA, Chicago, plus many more) Free version

  • Cloud-based tool EndNote WEB.

Mendeley

 
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